Trauma Can Up Risk of Mental Disorders in First Responders ...

By Rick Nauert PhD Senior News Editor
Reviewed by John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on February 27, 2013

A new study suggests repeated exposure to traumatic events increase the risk of developing a psychiatric disorder among protective service workers, especially for those early in their careers.

Overall, researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found that protective services workers do not appear to have a higher prevalence of mental health problems than workers in other occupations.

The critical factor appears to be exposure to trauma, as only those with repeated contact to violence or suffering have an increased likelihood of developing psychiatric problems. A hardening effect also appears to occur as contact with trauma among well-experienced protective services worker is less harmful.

?Our findings suggest that exposure to diverse types of traumatic events among protective services workers is a risk factor for new onset of psychopathology and alcohol use disorders,? said Christopher N. Kaufmann, M.H.S., lead author of the study.

?When we examined the relationship of exposure to common traumas with the development of mood, anxiety and alcohol use disorders among protective services workers, we found that these workers were at greater risk for developing a mood or alcohol use disorder.

?Interestingly, this relationship was not seen in those who had been in these jobs for a longer period, but was strong and statistically significant in workers who recently joined the profession. Developing curricula in coping skills and providing timely interventions for early career protective services workers may help reduce future psychiatric morbidity in these workers.?

Using data from the U.S National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions researchers compared the prevalence of mental disorders of protective services workers to that of adults in other occupations.

In addition, they examined the association of exposure to common traumatic experiences with the development of new mood, anxiety and alcohol use disorders among protective services workers who recently joined the workforce and those who had been in these jobs for a longer period.

Lifetime and recent trauma events most commonly reported by protective services workers included: seeing someone badly injured or killed; unexpectedly seeing a dead body; having someone close die unexpectedly and having someone close experience a serious or life-threatening illness, accident or injury.

?The association between the number of different traumatic event types and incident mood and alcohol-use disorders, as well as post-traumatic stress disorder, was virtually confined to the group of early career protective services workers,? said Ramin Mojtabai, M.D., Ph.D., M.P.H., senior author of the study.

?Future research should examine the coping skills of protective services workers who have been in these jobs for many years, which might make them less likely to develop psychiatric complications in the face of various potentially traumatic experiences, ? said Mojtabai.

The authors note, ?Special support programs and services for these early career workers can potentially help to prevent development of chronic psychopathology and attrition from these critical jobs.?

Source: Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health

APA Reference
Nauert PhD, R. (2013). Trauma Can Up Risk of Mental Disorders in First Responders. Psych Central. Retrieved on February 28, 2013, from http://psychcentral.com/news/2013/02/27/trauma-can-up-risk-of-mental-disorders-in-first-responders/51995.html

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Source: http://psychcentral.com/news/2013/02/27/trauma-can-up-risk-of-mental-disorders-in-first-responders/51995.html

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JPMorgan to cut up to 17,000 jobs by end of 2014

NEW YORK (Reuters) - JPMorgan Chase & Co said on Tuesday that it plans to cut 17,000 jobs by the end of 2014, representing about 6.6 percent of the company's overall workforce, as the bank sheds staff that helped it deal with bad home loans.

The bank is optimistic that it can generate record income this year and is planning to add 4,000 employees in commercial and investment banking and credit cards to help it win business, bank executives said at an investor conference.

That hiring will be more than offset by job cuts in areas like mortgage servicing and retail banking, where the bank is positioning for a recovering housing market and new forms of branch banking. The net impact of the additions and cuts will be 17,000 fewer employees on the bank's payrolls.

The job cuts reflect the pressure that banks are under, even as the U.S. housing market and overall economy show signs of recovery. Many banks are looking to automate more of their businesses to make their staff more productive and improve profits.

For example, at JPMorgan's branches, where it plans to cut about 6,000 tellers and other employees, the bank hopes customers will use automated teller machines for every day transactions and that remaining staff can focus on higher-margin activities like selling wealth management services.

JPMorgan is one of the few big U.S. banks that is still adding branches to its network, but it is hoping to staff the branches with fewer workers. The bank's 5,614 branches have 63,500 employees, representing about a quarter of JPMorgan Chase's total. Chase's branch network is second to Wells Fargo & Co's in size.

For overall staffing levels, JPMorgan Chase had 258,965 employees globally at the end of 2012. Its headcount rose following the financial crisis to 262,882 in the second quarter of 2012 from 219,569 in the first quarter of 2009. Since last year's second quarter, staffing levels have drifted lower.

JPMorgan Chase overall earned $21.9 billion last year, excluding accounting charges linked to changes in the value of its debt. The bank said it has the potential to earn about $27.5 billion, thanks in part to efficiency gains. It aims to cut overall expenses by $1 billion in 2013.

To reach the $27.5 billion profit figure, the bank is also counting on costs for lawsuits to fall as disputes over bad mortgages are resolved, as well as seeing a one percentage point rise in interest rates, said Chief Financial Officer Marianne Lake.

The profit scenario also depends on the bank not being hit by another trading debacle like the $6.2 billion loss last year on derivatives trades placed by the London Whale, the nickname given a London-based JPMorgan trader for the size of the positions.

Chief Executive Jamie Dimon acknowledged that many of his top lieutenants who spoke to investors on Tuesday were in new jobs after changes he made last year in his management team and the bank's divisions.

"It is a little bit too much change in one year," Dimon said. "Some of it was the Whale. Some of it was the re-org" to better align product divisions with customer interests, he said.

All of the top executives, however, have been at the company several years and know its businesses, Dimon said.

JPMorgan Chase shares were down 0.2 percent at $47.60 at the close of trading on Tuesday on the New York Stock Exchange.

(Reporting By David Henry; Additional reporting by Rick Rothacker in Charlotte, North Carolina; Writing by Dan Wilchins; Editing by Gerald E. McCormick, John Wallace and Matthew Lewis)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/jpmorgan-chase-cut-4-000-jobs-2013-010505461--sector.html

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Hands-on with the Samsung Galaxy Note 8.0 Stand Pouch

We've seen some Android tablets essentially ape the iPad's Smart Cover, which protects the screen while closed and doubles as a stand when folded in on itself. Samsung's gone a different route with the Galaxy Note 8.0 Stand Pouch.

Pouches in and of themselves are hardly new in the mobile space. But Samsung's here also doubles for a stand for the Galaxy Note 8.0. Slip the Note 8.0 into it (the inside is soft and warm and safe, like ... something soft and warm ... or at least soft) to keep things nice and safe.

The pouch -- notice how it's segmented here -- folds in on itself in the usual triangle manner. From there, you get a couple options for angles -- one high, for media viewing, the other low, say, for typing.

Samsung's got a host of colors -- I'm partial to the boring (but nicely textured) gray you see here.

We've got some more pics of the Samsung Stand Pouch after the break.

read more

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/androidcentral/~3/sdcupiz1jBM/story01.htm

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Eric Holder Says DOJ Will Respond to Legal Pot in Colorado and ...

Department of JusticeWhen asked this morning about legal pot in Colorado and Washington during the Q&A at the National Association of Attorneys General, U.S.?Attorney General Eric Holder told the audience, "I would say, and I mean this, that you?ll hear soon."?

More of Holder's non-answer,?courtesy of Politico's Josh Gerstein:?

"We?re still in the process of reviewing both of the initiatives that were passed," Holder said at a morning appearance, answering a question from Colorado Attorney General John Suthers. "I would say, and I mean this, that you?ll hear soon."

"We are, I think, in our last stages of that review, and are trying to make a determination as to what the policy ramifications are going to be, what our international obligations are. There are a whole variety of things that go into this determination," Holder said. "But the people in [Colorado] and Washington deserve that answer and we will have that, as I said, relatively soon."

Source: http://reason.com/blog/2013/02/26/eric-holder-says-doj-will-respond-to-leg

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Good Luck With That (talking-points-memo)

Share With Friends: | | Politics - Top Stories News, RSS and RSS Feed via Feedzilla.

Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/287352005?client_source=feed&format=rss

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HP sells webOS operating system to LG Electronics

PALO ALTO, Calif. (AP) ? Hewlett-Packard says it is selling its webOS operating system technology to South Korea's LG Electronics Inc. for an undisclosed sum.

Hewlett Packard Co. and LG said on Monday that LG will use webOS to support its "smart TV" technology. Like smartphones, smart TVs are web-connected and allow for more interaction between the device and its user. LG and rival Samsung Electronics showed off smart TV models earlier this year ahead of the International Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas.

HP bought the struggling smartphone maker Palm Inc. for nearly $1 billion in 2010, hoping Palm's webOS would boost its standing in the mobile market. This did not happen.

In late 2011, HP made webOS available as open-source software for anyone to use or modify for free.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/f70471f764144b2fab526d39972d37b3/Article_2013-02-25-Hewlett-Packard-WebOS/id-3ac4393a93484d0aac78c121cb0d8f0d

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White House warns states of looming pain from March 1 budget cuts

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - With five days left before $85 billion is slashed from government budgets, the White House issued more dire warnings about the harm the cuts will do to Americans, breaking down the loss of jobs and services to each of the states.

The estimates show how many teachers could lose their jobs in each state, how many toddlers could be kicked out of subsidized preschool programs, and how many children could lose funding for vaccines for measles and mumps.

But Republicans, who advocate budget cuts, said the warning was overplayed, and called on President Barack Obama to apply what is known as the "sequester" in a more careful way, rather than slashing budgets across the board.

"They've rolled out this great political theater about how cutting less than 3 percent of the federal budget is going to cause all these awful consequences," Louisiana Governor Bobby Jindal, a Republican, said on NBC's "Meet the Press."

"Here's his chance to say, 'Here's how we can do it better,'" Jindal said, suggesting Congress and the White House give departments the ability to cut spending on less essential services.

Lawmakers return to Washington on Monday after a week-long recess and unless they reach what appears to be an unlikely last-minute deal with the White House to postpone what is known as the sequester, the across-the-board cuts will take effect March 1.

Obama has urged Congress to buy more time for a broad budget deal with a short-term measure that boosts revenues by ending some tax breaks for the wealthy.

Senate Democrats have put forward a plan that focuses on those tax loopholes, and this week Republicans are expected to propose alternatives. But there has been almost no negotiation between the White House and Congress on the issue.

"Surely he can put forward a plan to cut 2 to 3 percent from a $3.5 trillion budget," Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell said in a statement on Sunday.

Obama spoke with governors at a black-tie White House dinner on Sunday, where New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, a Republican who praised Obama after Superstorm Sandy devastated his state's coast, was seated beside first lady Michelle Obama.

But the president kept his brief remarks apolitical, and did not mention the impending sequester.

"We know we've got more work to do, more jobs to create, more children to educate, more roads to repair. The task before us is to find smart, common sense solutions to each of these challenges that we can move forward on," Obama said.

WASHINGTON, D.C., SOUTH TO BE HARDEST HIT

Governors, in Washington this week for an annual meeting, are concerned about the effect of the cuts on jobs and the economy at the state level. Obama is slated to speak again to governors on Monday.

On average, government programs subject to the cuts provide 6.6 percent of states' revenues, according to Pew Center on the States. States closest to the nation's capital and in the South will be hardest hit, an analysis by Wells Fargo Securities Economics Group last week found.

On Sunday, the White House issued two pages of sequester cuts for each state, and said more details will be released through the week.

For example, up to 2,300 low-income children could be dropped from subsidized child care in New York state, and 7,170 fewer children would receive vaccines, the White House said.

In Virginia, about 90,000 civilians who work for the Defense Department would face temporary layoffs known as "furloughs," and several major Navy projects would be canceled or delayed.

White House officials have said the sequester law does not allow the administration to be flexible in applying the cuts.

"We don't have any ability with dumb cuts like this to figure out what the right thing to do is," Education Secretary Arne Duncan said on "Face the Nation."

BLAME GAME

Obama will travel to Newport News, Virginia, on Tuesday to a shipbuilding plant owned by Huntington Ingalls Industries to highlight the impact on defense jobs.

The trip is the latest in a series of events staged by the White House to try to pin the blame for the looming cuts on congressional Republicans.

"Are all these things going to go into effect on the first day? No. But there are hundreds of thousands of Americans who are working today who will lose their jobs as a consequence of this Republican decision," Dan Pfeiffer, White House communications director, told reporters on Sunday.

A spokesman for House of Representatives Speaker John Boehner, the top Republican in Congress, mocked the scare tactics.

"The White House needs to spend less time explaining to the press how bad the sequester will be and more time actually working to stop it," Michael Steel, Boehner's spokesman, said.

Republicans have argued the sequester mechanism - part of a 2011 law designed to force Congress to reach a deficit reduction deal - was Obama's idea.

On Sunday, the Washington Post's Bob Woodward waded into that fight, saying White House officials including Jack Lew - Obama's nominee for Treasury Secretary - proposed the sequester.

In an opinion piece, Woodward, who wrote a book about the deal called "The Price of Politics," said Obama was "moving the goal posts" by insisting on new tax revenue as part of an alternative to the sequester cuts.

Pfeiffer called the debate over who started the sequester "a fairly stupid one" and said Republicans had, until recently, been open to the idea of ending tax loopholes.

"It should be an easy thing for Republicans to do but they are so focused on not giving the President another win," he told reporters.

(Additional reporting by Aruna Viswanatha, Tabassum Zakaria, Lisa Lambert and Samson Reiny; Editing by David Brunnstrom, Eric Walsh and Vicki Allen)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/white-house-warns-states-looming-pain-march-1-015946018--business.html

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Today on New Scientist: 25 February 2013

First fruits of a groundbreaking art-science tie-up

A pioneering collaboration between two of London's most prestigious cultural institutions shows that sci-art has come of age

The great illusion of the self

Your mind's greatest trick is convincing you of your own reality. Discover the elaborate illusions involved and what they mean in our special feature

Stunning seeds: a biological meteor wreathed in flames

Some seeds have a look that evokes all-consuming fire, says an artist who captures their portraits with a flatbed scanner

Armband adds a twitch to gesture control

The Myo band turns electrical activity in the muscles of a user's forearm into gestures for controlling computers and other devices

Treat malware as biology to know it better

Treating computer viruses as a biological puzzle could help computer scientists get a better handle on the wide world of malware

Take my taxi to the moon

Susmita Mohanty, the founder of India's first private space company, Earth2Orbit, wants India to claim bigger piece of the space-launch pie

How electrodes in the brain block obsessive behaviour

Why deep brain stimulation can help people with OCD was a mystery, but now it seems the treatment fixes brain signalling well beyond the stimulated area

Ancient continent hides beneath Indian Ocean

The sands on Mauritius's beaches are older than the island itself, suggesting a hidden continent is the source

New blood test finds elusive fetal gene problem

Take parents' DNA and make a computer model of their fetus's genome - comparison with the real thing will show up problems that other tests miss

Amazon to open market in second-hand MP3s and e-books

A new market for second-hand digital downloads could let us hold virtual yard sales of our ever-growing piles of intangible possessions

People in a vegetative state may feel pain

Scans have revealed activity in areas of the brain responsible for the emotional aspects of pain in people thought to have no subjective awareness

Sewage solutions: Six alternative toilet technologies

Two-and-a-half billion people don't have access to sanitary toilets, but standard designs aren't an option without a sewer network. See some alternatives here

Rusty rocks reveal ancient origin of photosynthesis

Iron oxide in the world's oldest sedimentary rocks suggest photosynthesis evolved 370 million years earlier than we thought, not long after life began

Source: http://feeds.newscientist.com/c/749/f/10897/s/28f18ce9/l/0L0Snewscientist0N0Cblogs0Cshortsharpscience0C20A130C0A20Ctoday0Eon0Enew0Escientist0E250Efeb0Bhtml0Dcmpid0FRSS0QNSNS0Q20A120EGLOBAL0Qonline0Enews/story01.htm

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Ghana Amputee Football Federation dissolved

The Association of Sports for the Disabled (ASDG) has dissolved the Ghana Amputee Football Federation, barely a month after asking federation head, Mr. Adjetey Sowah to step aside for investigations into corruption allegations brought up against him.

A Section of Players of the National Amputee Soccer Team, the Black Challenge, in November last year levelled corruption charges against Mr Sowah insisting their boss had not rendered proper accounts on sponsorship funds received from various organisations.

The aggrieved group further claimed he was running the Association as his own business.

After a crisis meeting held at the Accra Sports Stadium presided over by the President of the (ASDG), Bishop Adja Coffie in January this year, Francis Adjetey sowah was asked to step aside for proper investigations into the allegations.

Speaking to JOY Sports, Adja cofie confirmed his outfit (ASDG)would now oversee the work of the Ghana Amputee Football Federation as well as all other disable sports in the country.

"Henceforth, there wouldn't be any specific officer to oversee the Amputee football Association, even if there is, he would work under the auspices of the main disable sports body (ASDG )which encapsulates all disable sports.

The problem we had in the past was because the Amputee Federation became somewhat of a separate entity away from its mother body, and its oversight was a huge challenge, so we now want to correct the oversight responsibility issue by dealing with fragments of any nature" he said.

Meanwhile findings of the ongoing investigations are yet to be ascertained although former head , Francis Adjetey Sowah has overly indicated his desire to face any panel of investigators to prove his innocence .

Source: http://sports.myjoyonline.com/pages/news/201302/101815.php

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Funeral Services are Tuesday in Florida for Mindy McCready

Funeral services are Tuesday in Florida for Mindy McCready.

The country singer committed suicide last weekend at her home in Heber Springs. She died from a single gunshot wound to the head, officials said.

McCready's family released the following details today about her funeral arrangements next week:

From Gayle Inge - Mother of Mindy McCready

Our family is devastated by the loss of our beautiful and talented daughter, Mindy McCready. Her life no matter how brief, touched many, and she will forever be our special angel.?

Malinda Gayle McCready was born Nov. 30, 1975 in Fort Myers Fl. She is survived by her sons, Zander Ryan and Zayne Christopher; her Mother & Step-father, Gayle & Michael Inge; her Father & Step-mother, Timothy & Teri McCready; Brothers, Timothy McCready, Jr,? Joshua McCready, & Colton Skylar Phelan; Nephew, Maddox McCready; Maternal Grandmother, Joan Stancel; many Aunts, Uncles, Cousins, Friends, and Fans.??

Mindy's life was public and the family welcomes friends and fans to join them in a celebration of Mindy's life Tues., Feb. 26, 2013 at 2:00 p.m. at the Crossroads Baptist Church, 10721 Palm Beach Blvd, Ft. Myers, Fl.?

Pallbearers will be Timothy McCready, Jr, Joshua McCready, Colton Skylar Phelan, Chad Stancel, Tyler Stancel, Chase Stancel, & Daniel Pledger.?

In lieu of flowers the the family recommends donations be made to "Mindy McCready Children's Trust", c/o John Ammons, Edison National Bank, 13000 S. Cleveland Ave. Ft. Myers, Fl.

Source: http://arkansasmatters.com/fulltext?nxd_id=640072

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What?s Slowing Down Mobile Video Adoption? Android, Disagreements On HLS And MPEG-DASH Standards

Editor's note:?Bismarck Lepe is co-founder and president of products at Ooyala. Mobile World Congress kicks off next week, and business and technology leaders from around the world will converge in Barcelona to see what?s next in mobile tech.?But one thing you won?t find amid the keynotes,?networking gardens and after parties is a frank discussion about why mobile video continues to be a huge pain for viewers and broadcasters alike.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/cbcMmUbzzjw/

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German: US to leave 8,000-12,000 troops in Afghan

BRUSSELS (AP) ? A German official is saying Defense Secretary Leon Panetta has told NATO allies that the U.S. will leave between 8,000-12,000 American troops in Afghanistan after 2014, when combat ends.

German Defense Minister Thomas de Maiziere told reporters Friday that Panetta informed him of the numbers.

U.S. officials have yet to say publicly how many American troops will remain in Afghanistan after 2014.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/89ae8247abe8493fae24405546e9a1aa/Article_2013-02-22-EU-Panetta-Afghanistan/id-cff27da14771462f99b764ef72c8499c

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Norm Pace, University of Colorado: Following Carl Woese into the natural microbial world

Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering ? 1156 High St, Mail Stop CBSE/ITI, Santa Cruz, CA 95064
Phone: 831-459-1477 ? Fax: 831-459-1809 ? E-Mail:

Questions about the UCSC Genome Browser? E-Mail

? 2013 CBSE. All rights reserved.

UCSC Home ? BSOE Home ? CBSE Home ? Internal ? Log In

Source: http://cbse.soe.ucsc.edu/events/event/2521

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Why a Buying Opportunity May Be Near for Gold

Thursday, February 21st, 2013
By George Leong, B.Comm. for Profit Confidential

Gold is currently looking somewhat dull on the chart, losing some of its luster following the bearish move of the spot price to below $1,600/ounce on February 15. Gold has since rallied back to above $1,600, but it continues to show extremely weak relative strength.

We are hearing more whispers predicting prices could falter more; but while I?m neutral at this point, the ability of the yellow metal to bounce back from below $1,600 was a positive sign.

The jury is still out on the potential of gold. The situation in the eurozone remains fragile, but there have been some signs of improving sentiment, which is what traders want to see.

In early January, Marc Faber, also known as ?Dr. Doom,? in an interview on CNBC suggested gold could correct 10% or more to as low as $1,550 and $1,600. (Source: Belvedere, M.J., ??Dr. Doom? Faber Sees Possible 10% Gold Correction,? CNBC, January 8, 2012, last accessed February 20, 2013.)

In my view, gold continues to be a place to park some capital. For this reason, I feel the metal will likely continue to hold above $1,500 after 11 consecutive up years.

For the investor, accumulating gold stocks or positions on further weakness below $1,600 makes sense.

The chart below shows sideways trading with major support around $1,550 and upper resistance at $1,800, as indicated by the horizontal blue lines. Within this trading band, there?s a downward trading channel as indicated by the downward-sloping blue lines. We saw a similar situation in February to May 2012, prior to a rally back to the upper-band resistance. I?m not saying this will happen again, but the recent trading action suggests this. Hence, if gold falters back to around $1,550, there may be an opportunity to buy gold, based on my technical analysis.

Chart courtesy of www.StockCharts.com

I continue to favor gold going forward, given the continued financial distress and recession in the eurozone and Europe. There?s also the ongoing tension in the Middle East.

Moreover, China and India continue to be the world?s top buyers of the yellow metal, and this is expected to continue. The Chinese have also been buying mining companies around the world in an effort to increase its reserves. This is a reason why I like some of the smaller mining companies, especially those with a massive reserve of proven metals in the ground, waiting to be developed and needing a cash-rich partner to get the ore out of the ground.

So while the near-term prospects look somewhat dull for gold, I look at downside moves as an opportunity to add to existing or new positions, especially some of the smaller mining stocks. (Read ?Mining for Riches with Junior Miners.?)

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Source: http://www.profitconfidential.com/gold-investments/why-a-buying-opportunity-may-be-near-for-gold/

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Siberian Caves Reveal Advancing Permafrost Thaw

Melting of significant portions of Arctic permafrost could accelerate climate change into a catastrophe

By David Biello

PERMAFROST CAVE: The frost crystals at the entrance to the Ledyanaya Lenskaya cave in Russia denote the region's permafrost, which has been in place for roughly 400,000 years, according to the cave's speleothems. Image: Vladimir V Alexioglo

Permafrost is not so permanent. Across the Arctic, swathes of once-frozen-solid ground have begun to thaw. If the records preserved in Siberian caves are accurate, much more of the region could melt if temperatures continue to warm.

Geoscientist Anton Vaks of the University of Oxford led an international team of experts?including the Arabica Caving Club in Irkutsk?in sampling the spindly cave growths known as stalagmites and stalactites across Siberia and down into the Gobi Desert of China. Taking samples of such speleothems from six caves, the researchers then reconstructed the last roughly 500,000 years of climate via the decay of radioactive particles in the stone. When the ground is frozen above a cave no water seeps into it, making such formations "relicts from warmer periods before permafrost formed," the researchers wrote in a study published online in Science on 21 February.

The details of the study reveal that conditions were warm enough even in Siberia for these mineral deposits to form roughly 400,000 years ago, when the global average temperature was 1.5 degrees Celsius higher than present. It also suggests that there was no permafrost in the Lena River region at that time, because enough water seeped into the northernmost cave to enable roughly eight centimeters of growth in the formations.

That was, in fact, the last time the formations in the Ledyanaya Lenskaya Cave grew, although other caves further south showed multiple periods of growth coinciding with other warmer periods. "That boundary area of continuous permafrost starts to degrade when the mean global temperature is 1.5 degrees C higher than present," Vaks explains. "Such a warming is a threshold after which continuous permafrost zone starts to be vulnerable to global warming."

Since Vaks's present is the "preindustrial late Holocene," that means the planet is already more than halfway there, having experienced 0.8 degree C warming to date. Such a thaw is no small matter, given that permafrost covers nearly a quarter of the land in the Northern Hemisphere and holds roughly 1,700 gigatonnes of carbon?or roughly twice as much carbon as is currently trapping heat in the atmosphere. Much of that carbon would end up in the atmosphere if the permafrost was to thaw further.

That may not have occurred during the warm period 400,000 years ago, known as Marine Isotope Stage 11 to scientists, which featured elements such as boreal forest on Greenland and higher sea levels. "The thawing was probably very brief because the layer deposited in the northernmost cave stalactite was relatively thin," Vaks says?too thin in fact to determine how long the warm period lasted. "We don't see any extraordinary increase in atmospheric CO2 or methane during MIS-11." And the Gobi Desert might benefit, enjoying wetter conditions in the future if the record in these caves is accurate.

It's not clear how far north such thawing might extend if global average temperatures continue to warm until they match those from long ago. "Now we are looking for caves with speleothems in northern Siberia to answer this question," Vaks notes, adding that the northernmost cave is already much warmer than in the late 18th century based on historical reports. But it is clear that global climates not much warmer than present are enough to thaw even more permafrost?as far north as 60 degrees latitude.

"The potential impact of these results extends to global policy: these results indicate the potential release of large amounts of carbon from thawed permafrost even if we attain the 2 degree [C] warming target under negotiation," says Kevin Schaefer, a scientist at the U.S. National Snow and Ice Data Center, who has also studied permafrost but was not involved in this effort. "Permafrost thaws slowly and the carbon will be released into the atmosphere over two to three centuries."

Already, such thawing Arctic ice?whether underground or at sea?has further opened up the territory to exploration for resources, particularly oil. At the same time, the big thaw will make getting the oil out more expensive?billions of dollars in infrastructure investments in pipelines, roads and the like will be damaged as the ground shifts beneath them.

Source: http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=75b0b23a0e0873b5cf673e9feac202e3

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Armstrong declines to meet with doping agency

AUSTIN, Texas (AP) ? Lance Armstrong will not do a tell-all interview under oath with the agency that exposed his performance-enhancing drug use and took his seven Tour de France titles.

The U.S. Anti-Doping Agency had told Armstrong he would have to reveal all knows about doping in cycling ? a process officials expected would take several days ? if he wanted to reduce his lifetime ban from sports.

Wednesday was the latest deadline for Armstrong to decide on USADA's offer. After negotiating with the agency for two months, he refused.

Armstrong attorney Tim Herman said the cyclist "will not participate in USADA's efforts to selectively conduct American prosecutions that only demonize selected individuals while failing to address the 95 percent of the sport over which USADA has no jurisdiction."

USADA chief executive Travis Tygart said the agency had expected Armstrong would agree to talk and would be "moving on" without him.

"Over the last few weeks he has led us to believe that he wanted to come in and assist USADA, but was worried of potential criminal and civil liability if he did so," Tygart said. "Today we learned from the media that Mr. Armstrong is choosing not to come in and be truthful and that he will not take the opportunity to work toward righting his wrongs in sport."

Herman has said Armstrong is willing to participate in an international effort to clean up cycling, an effort that has broken down in spats between the International Cycling Union, the sport's governing body, and the World Anti-Doping Agency.

"He will be the first man through the door, and once inside will answer every question, at an international tribunal formed to comprehensively address pro cycling, an almost exclusively European sport," Herman said.

For more than a decade, Armstrong denied using performance-enhancing drugs. But last year, USADA released a report that detailed extensive doping on his Tour de France-winning teams and stripped him of those victories. Armstrong then admitted last month in an interview with Oprah Winfrey that he doped to win those races.

Tygart has accused Armstrong of lying in portions of that interview, most notably Armstrong's claim that he raced clean when he came out of retirement in 2009-2010. USADA's report says blood evidence shows Armstrong cheated during his comeback.

USADA also wants to question Armstrong under oath about whether cycling officials helped him cover up positive drug tests during his career, charges he continues to deny.

Beyond his problems with USADA, Armstrong still faces several legal challenges.

Armstrong was the subject of a two-year federal grand jury investigation that was dropped a year ago without an indictment, but the Department of Justice is still considering whether to join a federal whistle-blower lawsuit filed by former Armstrong teammate Floyd Landis.

Armstrong also has been sued by a Dallas-based SCA Promotions to recover more than $12 million in bonuses. And he has been sued by The Sunday Times in London to recover a libel judgment that the cyclist won against the paper.

Armstrong's latest decision means he won't risk the legal exposure a sworn interview with USADA might create for those cases or new ones yet to come. The possibility of reducing his ban likely carried little incentive for the 41-year-old Armstrong, who had moved his athletic career into running and competing in triathlons.

Under international anti-doping rules, Armstrong's lifetime ban could only be reduced to eight years, by which time Armstrong will be nearly 50 years old.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/armstrong-wont-interview-usada-184224698--spt.html

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Private Prison/Immigrant Detention Giant Name Florida Atlantic Football Stadium

? Japanese American Internment: Day of Rembrance at USF | Main | Connecticut Agrees to Limits on Participation in Federal Immigration Enforcement Program: State settles lawsuit challenging Secure Communities ?

February 20, 2013

Private Prison/Immigrant Detention Giant Name Florida Atlantic Football Stadium

The N.Y. Times reported yesterday on a very interesting development in sports philanthrophy.???Florida Atlantic University, in Boca Raton, has?renamed its football stadium after the GEO Group for a $6 million gift.?GEO Group is a private prison corporation.? One critic compared the naming to "calling something Blackwater Stadium. This is a company whose record is marred by human rights abuses, by lawsuits, by unnecessary deaths of people in their custody and a whole series of incidents that really draw into question their ability to successfully manage a prison facility.?

Accoring to the Times, GEO Group's?"income is generated mostly from state and federal prisons and detention centers for illegal immigrants. The company owns or runs more than 100 properties that operate more than 73,000 beds in sites across the world. . . .? The company has been opposed by civil liberty and human rights groups and immigrant rights organizations. It has been cited by state and federal regulators and lost a series of high-profile lawsuits."

KJ

February 20, 2013 in Current Affairs, Sports | Permalink

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Man charged in church-bomb plot to undergo mental competency exam

Gregory Arthur Weiler II, 24, was charged with possessing the unregistered destructive device on Oct. 4 in an indictment that was handed up under seal on Feb. 4 by a Tulsa federal grand jury.

On Feb. 12, Assistant Federal Public Defender Stephen Greubel filed a motion asking that Weiler be examined to determine whether Weiler is suffering from a mental disease that would make him unable to understand the legal proceedings against him or to assist properly in his defense.

Greubel wrote that Weiler was hospitalized on numerous occasions over a five-year period due to mental health issues. Weiler has been diagnosed with depression as well as bipolar, post-traumatic stress and borderline personality disorders.

Weiler has not taken prescribed medications for his conditions since 2010, according to Greubel.

Source: http://www.tulsaworld.com/site/articlepath.aspx?articleid=20130219_14_0_Amanwh678825&rss_lnk=298,297

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10,000 firms approved for Enterprise Finance Guarantee loans ...

The Enterprise Finance Guarantee (EFG) scheme, set up to help small firms access finance, has delivered a net benefit of ?1.1bn to the economy, according to new research.

A report on the EFG by researchers at Durham University said that the initiative has helped more than 10,000 businesses access loans worth a total of ?1.04bn since May 2010.

The scheme has created an additional 6,500 jobs, which is the equivalent to 1.84 jobs per recipient business. It has also saved 12,375 positions.

In addition, every ?1 invested by the Coalition delivers a benefit of ?33.50 to the economy.

Business minister Michael Fallon has called on banks to increase lending via the EFG.

He said, "EFG loans are delivered through the banks and I want to see them making more use of the scheme.

?This latest research shows that the EFG is helping precisely those businesses who can't get finance elsewhere.

?It is getting money to where it is needed, saving jobs and delivering a huge benefit for the wider economy.?

Fallon said that there is obvious demand for this type of financial support and revealed he has started publishing EFG lending by each individual bank so businesses will know which bank they are best off approaching.

By Kirsty Hewitt

Permalink

Source: http://www.enforbusiness.com/news/10000-firms-approved-enterprise-finance-guarantee-loans-20139552

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3-D printed magazines could change gun control

Tech-savvy gun enthusiasts could easily find a way around any new curbs on firearms: If they want something, print it.

A Texas law student who used a 3-D printer to fashion a plastic magazine and then posted his ensuing trip to the firing range online got more than 280,000 views on YouTube - but then his leased 3-D printer was confiscated by a jittery manufacturer.

3-D printers are often used to make consumer items like jewelry and hearing aids, and also help reduce waste in manufacturing, according to Alyssa Reichental of 3D Systems Corporation, which manufactures 3-D printers for sale worldwide.

President Obama cited the innovative power of 3-D printing during his State of the Union speech last week, saying it would "revolutionize the way we make almost everything." A 3-D printer is a bit like a conventional printer, but instead of using ink on paper, it deposits layers of resin or other material that will harden to make a three-dimensional object.

Get more pure politics at ABCNews.com/Politics

But a larger portion of his speech was devoted to his desire to enact new firearm restrictions. Sen. Dianne Feinstein, D., Calif., proposed legislation in January that would ban the manufacture, sale, possession or transfer of any ammunition magazines that hold more than 10 bullets. That would presumably include home-manufactured magazines made with 3-D printers.

University of Texas law student Cody Wilson says he opposes any such restrictions. He's the activist who put up the YouTube video last month that showed him firing a Colt M-16 with a 30-round plastic magazine made by a 3-D printer.

Government actions on gun control are merely symbolic, according to Wilson.

"We hope to make the issue relevant," Wilson said. Government leaders "act like passing a law will keep magazines off the street but we want to show them that magazines will always be on the street."

Wilson runs an organization called Defense Distributed, which aims to spread information on how to create printable guns.

Wilson's actions have prompted some printing companies, like the major 3-D printing company Stratasys, to take action. Stratasys said it believes Wilson used its property for "illegal purposes."

The company leased a machine to Wilson last year but later confiscated it after learning what Wilson planned to do with it, according to a report in The Washington Post. Another company, MakerBot, also removed gun designs of downloadable blueprints it maintains for 3-D printer users, according to the report.

The printers are intended to be used to create consumer goods like Invisalign, according to 3-D Systems Chief Marketing Officer Cathy Lewis. She said 3-D printing is already becoming commonplace in communities across America.

"3-D printing ought to be used for educational purposes," said 3D Systems Chief Marketing Officer Cathy Lewis. "There is no way to deny access to a product that we make affordable and easy to use, but we make sure we are not assisting in products that could be printed or used for illicit or non-authorized purposes."

Also Read

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/welcome-age-printed-gun-magazine-110126551--abc-news-politics.html

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Apple Hit By Hackers Who Struck Facebook

By JESSICA E. LESSIN And GEOFFREY A. FOWLER

Apple Inc. said Tuesday that it has been attacked by hackers who infected a small number of the company's Mac computers. WSJ's Jessica Lessin reports. (Photo: Getty Images)

Apple Inc. said Tuesday that some of its employees' Mac computers were attacked by hackers, a rare admission for a company that has long touted its security over PCs running Windows software.

Apple said a "small number" of computers became infected after employees visited a website for software developers that transmitted the malicious computer code.

Apple said Tuesday it would release a software update to protect Mac users, and is working with law enforcement to find the source of the so-called malware.

The disclosure is unusual for Apple, which generally doesn't detail particular attacks. In the past, the company has generally issued notices on its support page of possible vulnerabilities and issued software updates to fix them.

Why is an old iPhone still worth hundreds of dollars? New research suggests a surprising explanation: hoarding. Kelli Grant explains on digits. Photo: Getty Images.

Apple had for years boasted that its computers were resistant to malicious software, a key selling point over computers running Microsoft Corp.'s software. Hackers have increasingly targeted Macs in recent years, reflecting the growing popularity of the Apple brand and the rising number of Macs being used in companies.

The malicious code in the latest attack is believed to have been the same discovered by Facebook Inc., which said on Friday that its employees' computers were breached by hackers last month.

The companies played down the impact of the attacks on their operations, and Apple and Facebook said no data appeared to have been stolen. But the events underscore the vulnerability of some of the world's most sophisticated technology companies to an ever-changing array of attacks, with outside experts increasingly tracing the break-ins in the U.S. to foreign countries.

Twitter Inc., the popular microblogging site, earlier this month said it had been the victim of an attack that may have granted hackers access to information including usernames and email addresses for about 250,000 of its users.

Motivations of the attackers seem to be proliferating. In the case of technology companies, people rummaging through their computer networks seem to be searching for product-development plans and other intellectual property.

At government institutions, reported targets include information about intelligence-gathering and weapons systems. In other cases, intruders have looked for information about critical pieces of U.S. infrastructure, such as electricity and energy distribution networks.

A report on Tuesday by security research firm Mandiant Corp. pointed to cyberespionage efforts by a group in China it linked to the military.

At the CIO Network on January 15, 2013 in San Diego, CA, Former U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security Michael Chertoff talks about the various methods governments and companies can use to respond to a cyber attack.

At the CIO Network on January 15, 2013 in San Diego, CA, Former U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security Michael Chertoff discusses the various types of cyber crimes that threaten U.S. companies as well as our energy grid and various utilities.

"From our visibility, it is massive and it is growing exponentially over the years," said Dan McWhorter, Mandiant's managing director of threat intelligence.

Chinese government officials rejected the allegations.

The attacks show how the range of targets are broadening beyond organized criminals, many based in Eastern Europe, seeking customer data like credit card numbers.

A report to be published Wednesday by a U.S. research firm, Trustwave Holdings Inc., says of the 450 data breaches that Trustwave investigated in 2012 for its own clients around the world, more than 33% originated from Romania, and 29% from the U.S.

China was the fifth-most-common source, Trustwave said, accounting for nearly 4% of the attacks, while nearly 15% have unknown origins.

Many highly publicized attacks have been based on a tactic called "spear-phishing," where email users are tricked into opening a legitimate-sounding message that contains code called malware that lets attackers penetrate corporate networks.

Apple and Facebook appeared to be affected by another exploit, called a "watering hole" attack. Facebook, in a blog post, on Friday said it discovered the attack after finding a suspicious Internet domain in its computer logs that it traced to a single employee laptop.

The social network then launched what it called a "significant" investigation, working with other companies it believed to have been affected, as well as with law enforcement authorities.

Some security researchers said they believed the attack may have originated in China, but Facebook hasn't commented on where it may have originated.

Apple, for its part, said Tuesday, "The malware was employed in an attack against Apple and other companies, and was spread through a website for software developers."

Last year, hundreds of thousands of Macs were hit by a massive attack from a malware program known as "Flashback." Apple released a security update for its software at the time.

Chester Wisniewski, a senior security adviser at Sophos Canada, said he has recently noticed an increase in more sophisticated "data stealing" software designed for Apple's Mac computers.

Mr. Wisniewski suggested this might be due to the type of decision maker within a company liable to have an Apple computer rather than a PC: "Executives and VPs are more likely to have Macs," he said.

Twitter, meanwhile, responded to its attack by resetting passwords for infected accounts. "This attack was not the work of amateurs, and we do not believe it was an isolated incident," Twitter said, but didn't elaborate.

Reuters

Apple and Facebook said no data appeared to have been stolen. Above, a man looks at his Apple iPad.

Mandiant said it found evidence linking the attacks it studied to the Chinese military, including IP addresses of intruders registered in Shanghai.

It also said the size of the infrastructure of the attacker it researched suggests a large organization with at least dozens and possibly hundreds of people at work.

Mr. McWhorter said that unlike hacking attacks that seek credit card numbers and other personal information that can be easily sold, the Chinese attacks it followed often ignored sensitive financial data to instead focus on stealing intellectual property.

"Anyone that has intellectual property that makes their business work and makes them run and makes them more profitable" is at risk, he said.

Trustwave's data meanwhile, show that hacking attacks by organized criminals seeking valuable customer data still dominate the cyberattacks on big and small businesses, at least in total numbers.

"The vast majority of what we see is financially motivated?going after financial data and trying to make money off it," said Nicholas Percoco, a senior vice president at Trustwave.

A report published last year by a unit of Verizon Communications Inc. that also investigates cybercrime found a similar geographic distribution of hackers. In the 855 intrusions from 2011 it studied from its own clients and in conjunction with the U.S. Secret Service and other international police groups, Verizon found that 67% of attacks originated from Eastern Europe, 20% from the U.S., and 2% from East Asia.

But the numbers don't paint a complete picture, said security experts. While companies are now more aware of attacks that lead to financial crimes?and hiring companies such as Trustwave and Verizon to investigate them?espionage-focused hacks have been typically harder to identify and track.

When intellectual property or trade secrets get stolen "there is no fraud algorithm to let you know," said Chris Porter, a managing principal at Verizon. It takes companies longer to realize they've been the victim of an espionage attacks, he said, and when American companies do they often deal directly with the Federal Bureau of Investigation, which doesn't release data on the topic.

"We are finally shining a light on this a little bit," said Mr. Porter.

?John Letzing
contributed to this article.

Write to Jessica E. Lessin at jessica.lessin@wsj.com and Geoffrey A. Fowler at geoffrey.fowler@wsj.com

Source: http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324449104578314321123497696.html?mod=rss_about_china

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Take a Number : The Average American Knows How Many People?

[unable to retrieve full-text content]Researchers used a clever method to estimate the size of the average social network.

Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/19/science/the-average-american-knows-how-many-people.html?partner=rss&emc=rss

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Letters from Lennon killer to NY cop on sale in LA

NEW YORK (AP) ? Letters from John Lennon's killer detailing his obsession with the novel "The Catcher in the Rye" to the police officer who arrested him went on sale Monday through a Los Angeles auction house.

The four missives from Mark David Chapman to Stephen Spiro are for sale through Moments In Time, which specializes in historical documents and rare autographs, at a fixed price of $75,000, auction house owner Gary Zimet said. Zimet is selling the letters on behalf of Spiro, who arrested Chapman on Dec. 8, 1980, shortly after he shot Lennon outside The Dakota, the ex-Beatle's Manhattan apartment building.

The letters are typed and signed by Chapman. They were written over several months in 1983, after he had pleaded guilty and been sentenced to 20 years to life in prison.

In the first letter, from Jan. 15, 1983, Chapman says his reason for writing, besides wanting to be Spiro's friend, is to ask for help in locating his copy of "The Catcher in The Rye," which he was reading at the time of his arrest.

"Have you read 'The Catcher in the Rye' yet?" Chapman asks. "I would like you to read it and tell me what you think of it. As you remember, in the copy that was taken from me I had written 'This is my statement.'"

Spiro said he received the first letter at the Manhattan precinct where he worked and wrote Chapman back because he was hoping to get evidence on a possible hit list of other victims and people acting with Chapman.

"I was trying to get information from him to admit why he did it and what his motives were," said Spiro, who had the other letters sent to a post office box.

In one letter, Chapman said he'd let Spiro decide whether Lennon was a "phony" or not, a reference to troubled "Catcher in the Rye" narrator Holden Caulfield, who refers to people as "phonies" in the book, written by J.D. Salinger. Spiro said he re-read the novel on Chapman's request.

"I wanted to try to relate to him in the letters," he said.

The letters stopped abruptly, and Spiro said he believes someone told Chapman not to write to the police department anymore. An injury ended Spiro's job as a New York police officer in 1983, but he said he kept the letters in a file for more than 30 years. He decided to sell them in part to pay off hefty medical bills from cancer and other illnesses and because he thought they should be in the public domain.

"I wanted to publicize them to the world because they're part of history," he said.

Spiro, 66, had no contact with Chapman after the last letter.

Chapman, 57, was denied parole in August for the seventh time. During the hearing, he again expressed remorse for Lennon's killing and spoke of his Christian faith.

Lennon's widow, singer and artist Yoko Ono, still lives in the Dakota apartment she shared with Lennon, who was 40 when he died. She was celebrating her 80th birthday with a concert in Berlin and couldn't be reached for comment Monday.

___

Associated Press writer Andrew Dalton contributed to this report from Los Angeles.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/letters-lennon-killer-ny-cop-sale-la-203236714.html

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Excessive TV in childhood linked to long-term antisocial behavior, New Zealand study shows

Feb. 18, 2013 ? Children and adolescents who watch a lot of television are more likely to manifest antisocial and criminal behaviour when they become adults, according to a new University of Otago, New Zealand, study published online in the journal Pediatrics.

The study followed a group of around 1,000 children born in the New Zealand city of Dunedin in 1972-73. Every two years between the ages of 5 and 15, they were asked how much television they watched. Those who watched more television were more likely to have a criminal conviction and were also more likely to have antisocial personality traits in adulthood.

Study co-author Associate Professor Bob Hancox of the University's Department of Preventive and Social Medicine says he and colleagues found that the risk of having a criminal conviction by early adulthood increased by about 30% with every hour that children spent watching TV on an average weeknight.

The study also found that watching more television in childhood was associated, in adulthood, with aggressive personality traits, an increased tendency to experience negative emotions, and an increased risk of antisocial personality disorder -- a psychiatric disorder characterised by persistent patterns of aggressive and antisocial behaviour.

The researchers found that the relationship between TV viewing and antisocial behaviour was not explained by socio-economic status, aggressive or antisocial behaviour in early childhood, or parenting factors.

A study co-author, Lindsay Robertson, says it is not that children who were already antisocial watched more television. "Rather, children who watched a lot of television were likely to go on to manifest antisocial behaviour and personality traits."

Other studies have suggested a link between television viewing and antisocial behaviour, though very few have been able to demonstrate a cause-and-effect sequence. This is the first 'real-life' study that has asked about TV viewing throughout the whole childhood period, and has looked at a range of antisocial outcomes in adulthood. As an observational study, it cannot prove that watching too much television caused the antisocial outcomes, but the findings are consistent with most of the research and provides further evidence that excessive television can have long-term consequences for behaviour.

"Antisocial behaviour is a major problem for society. While we're not saying that television causes all antisocial behaviour, our findings do suggest that reducing TV viewing could go some way towards reducing rates of antisocial behaviour in society," says Associate Professor Hancox.

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children should watch no more than 1 to 2 hours of quality television programming each day. The researchers say their findings support the idea that parents should try to limit their children's television use.

This research emerges from the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study. The Study is run by the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Research Unit, which is supported by the Health Research Council of New Zealand.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Otago, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. Lindsay A. Robertson, Helena M. McAnally, and Robert J. Hancox. Childhood and Adolescent Television Viewing and Antisocial Behavior in Early Adulthood. Pediatrics, February 18, 2013 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2012-1582

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/UeqRO8a0DyE/130218092711.htm

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Iran's leader steps deeper into the political fray

In this Saturday, Feb. 16, 2013 photo released by the official website of the Iranian supreme leader's office, Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei waves to a crowd attending his speech in a mosque inside the leader's housing compound in Tehran, Iran. Ayatollah Ali Khamenei has adopted the role of political referee as the political mudslinging gets heavier ahead of elections in June to pick a successor for President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. (AP Photo/Office of the Supreme Leader)

In this Saturday, Feb. 16, 2013 photo released by the official website of the Iranian supreme leader's office, Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei waves to a crowd attending his speech in a mosque inside the leader's housing compound in Tehran, Iran. Ayatollah Ali Khamenei has adopted the role of political referee as the political mudslinging gets heavier ahead of elections in June to pick a successor for President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. (AP Photo/Office of the Supreme Leader)

In this Saturday, Feb. 16, 2013 photo released by the official website of the Iranian supreme leader's office, Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, gives a speech in a mosque inside the leader's housing compound, in Tehran, Iran. Ayatollah Ali Khamenei has adopted the role of political referee as the political mudslinging gets heavier ahead of elections in June to pick a successor for President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. (AP Photo/Office of the Supreme Leader)

DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) ? Iran's supreme leader is supposed to be many things in the eyes of his followers: Spiritual mentor, protector of the Islamic Revolution, a moral compass above the regular fray.

Political referee is not among them.

Yet that is the unfamiliar role Ayatollah Ali Khamenei has adopted as the political mudslinging gets heavier ahead of elections in June to pick a successor for President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.

"Bad, wrong, inappropriate," scolded Khamenei on Saturday in his most stinging rebuke of Ahmadinejad for his mounting attacks on rivals ? including an ambush earlier this month in parliament when he played a barely audible videotape that purported to show corruption inside the family of the chamber's speaker.

Khamenei then went on to chide the parliament speaker, Ali Larijani, for publicly humiliating Ahmadinejad in response to the tape.

"When there is a common enemy and conspiracies are hatched from all sides, is there any way other than strengthening brotherhood and resisting the enemy?" Khamenei said in reference to widening Western sanctions and pressures over Iran's nuclear program.

Hardball politics are nothing new in Iran, whose elected parliament and government can make even Washington's bickering seem genteel. It also is unlikely to threaten the real power in Iran: The ruling clerics and their guardians led by the Revolutionary Guard.

But the deepening nastiness inside Iran speaks volumes about the importance of the presidential election on June 14 and how it could reset Tehran's political order.

Khamenei seeks to tamp down the rising political spats that could signal weakness to the West in nuclear negotiations set to resume next week. He also wants to close off any openings for public complaints over the economic pain from the expanding sanctions.

At the same time, however, Khamenei risks blows to his image if his unprecedented personal intervention fails to calm the growing tremors whose epicenter is Ahmadinejad.

Parliament on Sunday showed obedience. More than 260 lawmakers ? nearly the entire 290-seat chamber ? expressed loyalty to Khamenei. Ahmadinejad made no immediate comment.

"The presidential election has raised the stakes in the ongoing blame game," said Abolghasem Bayyenat, a former Iranian trade official who runs the website irandiplomacywatch.com.

Khamenei "certainly does not want the political wrangling ... to get out of control," he said.

But Ahmadinejad shows no signs of heading into a quiet retirement after his second and final term. This raises the possibility he could become something Iran has rarely seen: a political wild card able to muster allies and grass roots backers to complicate life for rivals such as Larijani.

And one of those rivals could very well be sitting in Ahmadinejad's old office in Tehran. Khamenei has pushed back hard against Ahmadinejad's attempts to challenge his authority in the past two years. As payback, the ruling clerics are likely to block any key Ahmadinejad backer from the presidential ballot and bring in someone who has sided with Khamenei as his relationship with Ahmadinejad drifted from cozy to cool to outright hostility.

In the meantime, Ahmadinejad heads into his final months eager to land some punches on his opponents.

"We are witnessing a new precariousness in Iran's internal politics," said Suzanne Maloney, an Iranian affairs expert at the Brookings Institution in Washington.

There's no clearer evidence than Khamenei, whose hard-core followers believe is answerable only to God. Yet even he can't seem to calm Iran's political tempest with rare ? and increasingly sharp ? orders from on high.

It suggests a diminishing regard for Khamenei and the ruling clerics to fully set the political tone inside Iran ? which could be the ultimate political legacy of Ahmadinejad from his defiance while in office and his possible gadfly role after leaving later this year.

Khamenei's main worry is not whether the opposition can regroup after being hammered following the post-election unrest in 2009. Its leaders are under house arrest and activists know they would face punishing reprisals if they return to the streets.

Instead, it appears Khamenei senses that the internal political rulebook could be under threat.

Ahmadinejad first broke taboos ? and earned himself instant political enemies ? by challenging the authority of Khamenei in 2011 over the appointment of the powerful intelligence ministry post. Since then, Khamenei has been gradually drawn into the mix despite the traditions of the supreme leader remaining aloof from day-to-day affairs.

It seems part of Ahmadinejad's tactics to hector Khamenei as a way to boost his status as an alternative pole of power, said Rasool Nafisi, an Iranian affairs analyst at Strayer University in Virginia.

"Ahmadinejad ... seems to have adopted a strategy of pressuring Khamenei to either force him out ? which would be a confession to Khamenei's poor judgment as the main support of Ahmadinejad ? or live with Ahmadinejad's continuous assaults on his position and close associates," Nafisi said. "Either way, Ahmadinejad will turn out a winner."

The unraveling of their relationship began when security forces crushed the protests over Ahmadinejad's re-election. Ahmadinejad increasingly bristled at having to take a back seat to the ruling clerics, who control all key political and policy decisions.

A political temper tantrum in April 2011 ? when Ahmadinejad boycotted meetings for 10 days to protest Khamenei's intelligence chief appointment ? opened the flood gates.

Dozens of Ahmadinejad's political allies were arrested or pushed to the margins, effectively blocking his chances of having a protege on the ballot in June. Meanwhile, the political fortunes brightened for Ahmadinejad rivals, such as parliament speaker Larijani.

Earlier this month, Ahmadinejad stunned parliament with a crude videotape that purported to show a discussion over bribes that included Larijani's brother. A week later, apparent Ahmadinejad backers hurled insults and shoes to disrupt a speech by Larijani in the seminary city of Qom.

On Friday, one of Khamenei's close allies, Ayatollah Ahmad Khatami, used his nationally broadcast Friday sermon to urge authorities to take "strong action" in response to the incident.

"Give up these hateful disputes," he told worshippers at Tehran University in an open reference to Ahmadinejad and Larijani. "People are tired of your fighting."

But Ahmadinejad seems to be suiting up for a pre-election scrap. Last week, he led gatherings that were interpreted as unofficial campaign events for his top aide, Esfandiari Rahim Mashaei, in an apparent challenge to election-vetting authorities who either have to clear him or reject him.

Ahmadinejad "is a political figure who has some residual popular base, a political infrastructure, who knows where all the bodies are buried and is very eager to talk," said Brookings analyst Maloney. "That makes Ahmadinejad the most dangerous man in the Islamic Republic."

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/cae69a7523db45408eeb2b3a98c0c9c5/Article_2013-02-17-Iran-Khamenei's%20Warnings/id-9ab6aa30d78f41e88f7522d60c0ad7b9

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